CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation is very important in the life of the medical world, so that every doctor should be able to perform Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation. Well as other paramedics. In fact, any layperson who works in a place where a lot of people (the crowd) or the place where a lot of work to contain the risk of work should be able to be trained in Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation is a simple to a more competent medical officer. B-gels or in the Indonesian language known as the Emergency First Aid (PPGD) is the set of the first attempts to do in emergency conditions in order to save patients from death. Abroad, PPGD is actually taught in many ordinary people or ordinary people special, but it seems this is still very little known by the people of Indonesia.
1.2 Key Principles
PPGD is the main principle of saving the patient from death in emergency conditions. Later in the PPGD philosophy is "Saving Time is Life Saving", in the sense that all actions taken during emergency conditions to be truly effective and efficient, because the patient's condition may have lost their lives in just minutes (stopping breathing for 2 -3 minutes can cause death).
1.3 Basic Steps
The basic steps in PPGD known by the acronym ABCD (Airway - Breathing - Circulation - Disability). These four points are the points that should be kept in the response of patients in emergency conditions.
1.4 Pulmonary Resuscitation heart
Stop the breath because:
- Airway Obstruction
- Foreign bodies
- Aspiration
- The tongue falls down
- Pipe folded endotracheal
- Blocked tracheal cannula
- Acute Abnormalities of the glottis and surrounding
- Depression of central respiratory
- Drugs
- Intoxication
- High pCO2
- Low pO 2
- After the cardiac arrest
- Brain tumors
- Sunset
Peripheral:
- Drug muscle paralytic
- Myasthenia gravis
- Poliomyelitis
For the Stop Heart
1. Cardiovascular (heart disease siskemik, IMA, pulmonary embolism and conduction system fibrosis)
2. Acute oxygen deficiency (stopping breathing, and obstruction due to foreign body secretions)
3. Overdose of drugs (digitalis and adrenaline)
4. Acid-base disturbances / electrolyte (K increases or decreases, increased Mg, Ca increases, acidosis)
5. Accidents (electric shock, drowning)
6. Vagal reflex
7. Anesthesia and surgery
8. Medical diagnostic and therapeutic measures
9. Shock, cardiac arrest can be accompanied by electrical phenomena.
Adam Stokes syndrome
Condition caused by high degree AV block heart is characterized by episodic bradycardia or asystole that resulted in the attack who are not aware of themselves suddenly with / without a seizure action.
- Artificial Circulation
- External cardiac massage
Indications CPR: Stop or stopping breathing and circulation.
Contraindications: Cardiac arrest, rib fractures, thoracic fractures, cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax, severe emphysema, Cardiac Arrest over 5-6 minutes.
