INTRODUCTION
Oncology is the study of disease caused by a tumor in the general sense that the tumor is a lump or abnormal pembekakan in the body. In terms of specific tumor is a lump caused by neoplasms. In general, tumors can be caused by neoplasm and nonneoplasma.
Neoplasms can be differentiated malignant and benign. Malignant neoplasms or cancers occur because of the rise and proliferation of cells in an uncontrolled manner so that these cells continue to grow and deform the growth of organ function. Cancer, carcinoma and sarcoma infiltrating grow (infultratif) into the surrounding tissue while destroying (destructive), can spread to other parts of the body and is generally fatal if left unchecked. Benign neoplasms grow with firm boundaries and does not infiltrate, but growing and pressing the tissue around it (expansive) and generally do not metastasize. Pathologic tumor classification based on the results of microscopic examination of tissue and tumor cells.
Tumor cells are the body's cells are transformed and grow out of control autonomic normal cell growth so that these cells differ from normal cells in the form and structure. Differences in the nature of tumor cells depends on the magnitude of the deviation in form and function, autonominya in growth, and ability to conduct infiltration and cause metastasis.
Tumor cells many forms (polimorfi) with multiple colors (polikromasi) due to high levels of nucleic acids in the core of the uneven distribution of chromatin core. Relatively large nucleus with the nucleus or cytoplasm ratio is lower. Higher incidence of mitosis and mitosis are abnormal. Irregular arrangement of cells (anaplastic). Tumor cells are grown on without limit so that the longer the larger the tumor and malignant neoplasms urgent sekitarnya.Pada tissue, the cells grow while infiltrate and seep into the surrounding tissue.
In many ways, childhood cancer is different from adult cancers. Childhood cancer is only about 2 percent of all cancers in humans, but it gives a disparate impact and is a significant cause of death in children. Generally, childhood cancer is not easy to know at an early, because at this early stage, rarely giving the patient complaints, and symptoms are easily seen.
Until now the cause of cancer in children is still not completely clear. But is believed to be due to the interaction of various factors (multifactorial). One suspected cause is the deviation of cell growth due to defective genes. Children do not have long enough exposure, so that genetic factors also play a role. Due to defects in the cell, cell growth so distorted and no longer want to interact with the environment dikendalikan.Pengaruh (ekogenetik factor) and various congenital defects or abnormalities are also suspected to participate increases the risk of childhood cancer. Another possibility is a factor of preconceptions. This can occur in mothers who have high risk, such as working in the area of radiation signal.
Symptoms of abdominal tumors in children and infants known to be more difficult, because children can not feel or tell his complaint. Therefore, the role of the people around him, especially the elderly, it is important to recognize the symptoms of brain tumor in children, so it can be immediately consulted the doctor.
Abdominal tumors in infants and children the most is the Wilm tumor (80%), and hepatoblastoma (65%). The tumor is derived not from intra-abdominal but most often manifests in the abdomen adalah Neuroblastoma, a number of events reached (70%).
Wilm tumor is a malignant tumor derived from embryonal renal blastema proliferation patologim metanefron due to the absence of normal stimulation of the duct metanefron tubule and glomeruli to produce a differentiated good. This tumor was found on clinical symptoms such as hypertension and hematuria. Diagnosis of these tumors based on clinical findings, radiological and histopathological examination.
Hepatoblastoma is a malignant liver tumor in children who are the cause remains unclear. This tumor was found on clinical symptoms of an enlarged abdomen, right abdominal pain, yellow and anorexia. Diagnosis of these tumors based on anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory and image radiologiknya.
Other abdominal solid tumor that most often is neuroblastoma. Krista neuroblastoma cells derived from neural sympathetic nervous system that manifests in the abdomen. Clinical symptoms are not specific to the tumor, such as anorexia, fatigue and bone pain. In the diagnosis of neuroblastoma can with investigations such as ultrasound, CT scan or MRI of the chest and abdomen.
The third type of tumor, have a course of treatment varies depending on patient age, tumor size and spread. Therapy may include removal of the tumor mass (surgery), chemotherapy and radiology.
To find out more about the most common tumor in children that manifests in the abdomen in the next chapter will discuss the definition, incidence, etiology, classification, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and conclusions regarding each type of abdominal tumor.
Definition
Intra-abdominal tumor was the growth of a network with the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive that manifests in the abdomen which is characterized by the presence of a solid mass that is not pain and other symptoms depending on its place of origin of these tumors arise.
Incidence
The annual incidence of tumors in children less than 15 years an estimated 14: 100,000 population for the years 1986-1987. Malignancy remains a major cause of death from the disease between the ages of 1 and 15 years because there are approximately 6500 new cancer cases each year in this age group.
