HYPOSPADIA
I. INTRODUCTION
I.1. Embryology
At the age of 2 weeks a new embryo contained two layers of the ectoderm and entoderm. Only then formed indentation in the middle - the middle of the mesoderm which then migrate to the periphery, separating the ectoderm and entoderm. In the caudal ectoderm and entoderm remain united to form cloacal membrane. At the beginning of week 6, the protrusions are formed between the umbilical cord and the tail is called the genital tubercle. Formed underneath the indentation where the center line of the lateral section there are two elongated folds called the genital fold. During week 7, the genital tubercle will elongate and form the glans. It is the primordial form of the penis when the embryo is male. When the woman would be the clitoris.
If there is agenesis of the mesoderm, the genital tubercle was formed, so that the penis is also not formed. Bagisan anterior of the cloacal membrane, the membrane will rupture and form urogenitalia sinus. Meanwhile, a pair of folds called the genital fold will form the sides of the sinus urogenitalia. When the genital fold failed to unite over the sinus will arise urogenitalia hypospadias. During this period, formed genital swelling in the lateral left and right. Hypospadias is the hardest type of penoskrotal skrotal and perineal, occurs due to failure to fold and genital sweling to unite in the middle.
Figure 1. anatomy of the penis
Normal anatomy of the penis consists of a pair of the corpora cavernous tunica covered by a thick and fibrous albugenia with a septum in the middle. Urethra through the penis in the corpus spongiosum which lies in a ventral position in the groove between the corpora cavernous. Urethra appears at the distal end of the conical shaped glans penis. Spermatic fascia or tunica dartos, is a loose layer of the penis, located on the fascia. Under the tunica dartos Bucks are facia that surrounds the corpora cavernous and then split to cover the corpus spongiosum separately. Dorsal neurovascular beam lies in the Bucks fascia between the two corpora cavernous.
