BENEFITS TUMOR MARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT RESPONSE AND PROGNOSIS OF MALIGNANCY.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Advancement of science and technology in terms of immunology, bringing progress in early diteksi field of oncology (cancer). Also included in the problem diagnosis, determining prognosis and monitoring of cancer recently much attention is directed to a variety of substances which are supposed to provide clues about the development of malignant tumors and the complications it causes.Identification of the substance is expected to help establish the diagnosis, determine prognosis and predict the course of the disease.
With the development of laboratory technology, particularly developments in biotechnology, is now possible to detect a marker of malignant, not only within the extracellular environment or at the cellular level but also at the molecular level so that the marker for malignant not only used for the above purposes but, in particular markers molecular malignant, are also used to detect residual cancer cells (minimal residual disease, MRD), even in certain circumstances can be used as a predictive factor of malignancy or risk factors.
Because the clinical symptoms of cancer begins with uncontrolled cell growth, cancer as a disease called pathological cells or tissues and organ disease because the cells that grow out of control it can infiltrate the network of organs and interfere with organ function in question. But it is now widely accepted that cancer is caused by the accumulation of abnormalities or mutations of certain genes, because cancer is also called genetic diseases. In addition to causing symptoms that are directly caused by cancer or sebarnya children, the cancer may provide other systemic effects that arise as the body's response to cancer. The symptoms are known as a syndrome that often causes complications paraneoplasia or suffering even worse, because the cancer can also be considered a systemic disease.
Thus, in using and interpreting the results of tumor markers and other clinical laboratory tests for cancer management needs to be understood completely different genetic abnormalities, cell and organ as well as the body's response to cancer.
In general, tumor markers are changes that can be detected and indicate the presence of tumors, especially malignant tumor or cancer.
Serologic tumor markers are defined as products derived from the tumor, where levels of blood is a reflection of tumor mass in the body. At first there was hope, that these products are such a sensitive and specific tests that can be used as a cancer to a particular tumor. In this case the tumor or residif conclusively be determined in a phase of very early, even preclinical. These expectations are not met. Only a few markers so sensitive and specificity that can be used for screening or follow up patients are asymptomatic
The purpose of this paper to be used as reading material, discussion and knowledge about tumor markers for malignancy in the cervix and can be used as the clinical application.
I.1 TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY
