ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
I. Anatomy of the abdomen
I. 1 Anatomy of the external abdominal
a. Front abdominal
Front abdominal definition is a restricted area in the superior by intermamaria line, in inferior limited by the inguinal ligament and lateral to the pubic symphysis and both anterior axillary line.
b. Waist
Is an area that lies between the anterior axillary line and posterior axillary line, from between the ribs to 6 above, down sampaicrista iliaca. At this location there is a thick wall of the abdominal muscles, as opposed to the thinner wall of muscle on the front, especially tterhadap menjadipelindung stab wounds.
c. Back
This area is located in the back of the posterior axillary line, from the lower end of the scapula to the crista iliaca. As with daerak flank, here back muscles and paraspinal muscles to protect against sharp trauma. (1)
I. 2 Anatomy of the abdomen in
There are three rooms, the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity contains the parts of the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneal cavity.
a. Peritoneal cavity
Simply the peritoneal cavity is divided into two parts, the top and bottom. The peritoneal cavity is protected by the bottom of the thoracic wall which includes the diaphragm, liver, spleen, gastric and transverse colon. This section is also called a thoracoabdominal components of the abdomen. At the time of the diaphragm rises up between the ribs IV at full expiration, each rib fracture or penetrating stab wound below the intermamaria can injure organs in the abdomen. The peritoneal cavity contains the small intestine, the colon ascendens and colon descendens, sigmoid colon, and in women, internal reproductive organs.
b. Retroperitoneal cavity
Potential cavity is a cavity behind the peritoneum lining the abdominal wall, and includes the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, a large part of duodenoum, pancreas, kidney and ureter and the posterior part of the colon ascendens and colon descendens, and also the retroperitoneal pelvic cavity. Injury to the retroperitoneal organs are difficult to identify because this area is far from the reach of regular physical examinations, and also here in the first injury will not show any signs or symptoms of peritonitis. In addition, the cavity is not included in the sample examined in diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL).
c. The pelvic cavity
Pelvic cavity, which is protected by the bones of the pelvis, is actually the bottom of the intraperitoneal cavity, while the bottom of the retroperitoneal cavity. Contained therein rectum, vesica urinary, iliaca vessels, and in women, internal reproductive organs. As with the thoracoabdominal, examination of pelvic organs obstructed by parts of the bones on it. (1)
I. Regio-3 region of the abdomen
The abdomen is divided into nine regions, namely:
1. Epigastrica Regio (right and left)
2. Hipocondria Regio (right and left)
3. Umbilical region (right and left)
4. Region of the lateral (right and left)
5. Pubica Regio (right and left)
6. Inguinal region (right and left)
