INTRODUCTION
Colon and rectum cancer is cancer that attacks the colon and rectum .Disease is a deadly cancer ranks second.The colon is part of the digestive system .As we know the digestive system starts from the mouth, and throat (esophagus), stomach , small intestine (duodenum, yeyunum, ileum), large intestine (colon), rectum and ends at the rectum .The large intestine consists of colon and rectum. Colon or large intestine is the colon after the small intestine, consisting of the right colon (ascending colon), colon next to the middle of the top (transverse colon) and left colon (descending colon).After the colon, rectum which is then above the anal channel.Part of the colon associated with the small intestine called the caecum, while the colon is associated with the rectum called the sigmoid colon.
Cancer is a disease of the growth of cells that are malignant.Can the organ in the body of any human being .When attacked in the colon, it is called colon cancer, when the on the rectum, it is called rectal cancer. When the colon or rectum is called colorectal cancer.
Colon cancer as other cancer properties, has properties can grow relatively quickly, can infiltrate or root (infiltration) into the surrounding tissue and destroying it, can be spread further through the lymph nodes and blood vessels to distant organs grown from its original location, such as the liver , the lungs , which can eventually cause death if not treated properly.
Many factors can increase the risk of rectal cancer, including a high-fat diet, low in fiber, more than 50 years of age, suffered a personal history of colorectal adenoma or adenocarcinoma had a higher risk of 3-fold, a level-generation family history with a history of colorectal cancer have a risk 3-fold greater, Familial polyposis coli, Gardner syndrome, and Turcot syndrome, in all these patients without colectomy performed can develop into a slightly increased risk of rectal cancer in patients with juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and Muir syndrome. Occurs in 50% of patients with Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease
Clinical signs and symptoms that may appear on rectal cancer is a change in bowel habits adnya blood in the stool, either fresh or utu dareah black, diarrhea, konstipasu or feel that the content of the stomach is not completely empty the stool, smaller stool than usual, complaints such as stomach discomfort often flatus, bloating, feeling of fullness in the abdomen or pain. Weight loss is not known why, nausea and vomiting, feeling tired and lethargic.
The division of stages based on the Duke's classification system.The tests are complete blood tests, digital rectal, barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy.
Therapy consisted of curative and palliative therapy. Curative treatment is with surgery. Palliative therapy with chemotherapy and radiation.
