A. INTRODUCTION
Definition of wound is a disorder that causes tearing of the tissue integrity of the vascular and extra-cellular matrix of the direct exposure of the platelet. Or can also be defined as the loss or destruction of some body tissues. This situation can be caused by sharp or blunt trauma, temperature changes, chemicals, explosions, electric shock, or animal bites. When injuries occur, some effects will appear:
A. The loss of all or part of organ function
2. Sympathetic stress response
3. Bleeding and blood clots
4. Bacterial contamination
5. Cell death
The process then occurs in the damaged tissue is healing the wound that can be divided into three phases, namely the inflammatory phase, proliferation, and remodeling of the tissue re perupaan.
2. TYPE OF WOUND
Kind of wound is often described by how to get the wound and show the degree of injury.
2.1. Based on the level of contamination
a) Clean Wounds (clean wound), the surgical wound takterinfeksi which is not a process of inflammation (inflammatory) and infections of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal, genital and urinary does not occur. Clean the wound usually results in a closed wound, if necessary put a closed drainage. The likelihood of wound infection around 1% - 5%.
b) Clean-contamined Wounds (clean-contaminated wound), a surgical wound in which the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, genital, or urinal in controlled conditions, the contamination is not always the case, the likelihood of wound infection is 3% - 11%.
c) Contamined Wounds (Wound contamination), including open wounds, fresh, accidental wounds and surgery with major damage or contamination by aseptic technique from the gastrointestinal tract; in this category also includes the incision of acute, inflammatory nonpurulen. The possibility of wound infection 10% - 17%.
d) Dirty or Infected Wounds (gross injury or infection), the presence of microorganisms in the wound.
2.2. Based on the depth and breadth of the wound
a) Stage I: Superficial wounds ("Non-blanching Erithema): the injury that occurs in the epidermal layer of skin.
b) Stage II: Wounds "Partial Thickness": a loss of skin layers on layers of the epidermis and upper dermis. A superficial wound and the presence of clinical signs such as abrasion, blister or shallow holes.
c) Stage III: Wounds "Full Thickness": a loss of the entire skin covering damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to bottom but not through the underlying network. Wound up in the epidermis, dermis and fascia but not the muscle. Injuries occur clinically as a deep hole with or without damaging the surrounding tissue.
d) Stage IV: Luka "Full Thickness" which has reached a layer of muscle, tendon and bone in the presence of destruction / damage is extensive.
Figure 1. The depth of the injury rate
2.3. Based on the time of wound healinga. Acute wounds: the wound healing period in accordance with the concept of healing that has been agreed.
Figure 2. Acute wounds
b. Chronic wounds are wounds that have failed in the healing process, may be due to exogenous and endogenous factors.
Figure 3. Chronic wounds
