CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
As we know, most of the human body consists of a liquid whose numbers vary depending on age and gender as well as the amount of fat in the body. With eating and drinking the body to get water, electrolytes and other nutrients. Within 24 hours the amount of water and electrolytes into the equivalent of the amount that comes out. Of fluid and electrolytes from the body may be urine, feces, sweat and water vapor during breathing.
fluid therapy is needed when the body can not memasukka water, electrolytes and nutrients into the body orally for example, when patients need to fast longer, because gastrointestinal surgery, bleeding a lot, hypovolemic shock, severe anorexia, nausea, vomiting and others. Fluid therapy with electrolyte da water needs will be met. Besides fluid therapy can also be used to incorporate drugs and food substances or also routinely used to maintain the acid-base balance.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW REFERENCES
I. Definition of body fluid
body fluid is a liquid suspension of cells in the body of multicellular creatures such as humans or animals that have specific physiological functions.
II. Body Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology
A. The distribution of body fluids
Water is a solvent (solvent) most important in the liquid composition of living things. Percentage of total body water (Total Body Water) on body weight change with age, decreased rapidly in early life. At birth, TBW 78% weight loss. In the first few months of life, TBW decreased rapidly approaching adult levels of 55-60% weight loss at 1 year of age. At puberty, changes in TBW next. Because fat has a lower water content, the percentage of TBW to body weight was lower in adult women who have more body fat (55%) than men, which has less fat. Distributed throughout the body fluid into the intracellular compartment and extracellular compartments.
Intracellular fluid
contained in the fluid between cells is called intracellular fluid. In adults, approximately two-thirds of its body fluids found in the intracellular (about 27 liters for an average adult male weighing about 70 kilograms), otherwise the baby is only half of their body weight is the intracellular fluid. Intracellular fluid is involved in the metabolic process that generates energy from nutrients in the body fluids.
Fluid extracellular
fluid outside the cells is called extracellular fluid. Play a role in maintaining extracellular fluid circulation system, supplying nutrients to the cells, and dispose of toxic waste materials. The relative amount of extracellular fluid decreased with age. In newborns, about half of the body fluids found in the extracellular fluid.
extracellular fluid is divided into:
o Fluid Interstitial
fluid surrounding the cells including the interstitial fluid, approximately 11-12 liters in adults. Including the lymph fluid in the interstitial volume.
o intravascular fluid
is a liquid contained in the blood vessels (eg, plasma volume). The average adult blood volume about 5-6L which is a 3 liter plasma, the rest is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
o Fluid transeluler
fluid is contained between certain body cavities such as cerebrospinal, pericardial, pleural, synovial joints, intraocular and gastrointestinal secretions. In the circumstances when, transeluler fluid volume is about 1 liter, but in large amounts of fluid can enter and exit the room transeluler.
Table 1. Distribution of body fluids
