- Diagnosis and Management Haemorrhoid / hemoroid / wasir / ambeien
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the problems that are increasingly being encountered by physicians, at least 5% of the general population suffer from symptoms associated with hemorrhoids. Increased incidence of hemorrhoids caused by the wrong diet, eat food less fiber as well as changing as we get older, it seems that approximately 50% of people aged over 50 years have a higher risk for this disease, the disease is not confined to older individuals and also can occur at any age, including childhood. The prevalence of hemorrhoids seems to be higher in developed countries in the West, and lower in people who have traditionally lived in developing countries, and growing. Low-fiber diet as the main cause of constipation , while constipation caused tensions expenditure of feces.
Hemorrhoids are more commonly known by the common people with hemorrhoids is a widening of the veins in the plexus hemoroidalis is not a pathological condition. Only if the hemorrhoids are causing complaints or complications, necessary action. Bleeding from the rectal venous plexus / hemoroidalis this is one of the causes of bleeding in the anal area. When this disease and its complications can not be overcome by the medical, it should be recommended for a more thorough action. Although the disease is included in the mild disease group, but not infrequently are found due to the disease, patients treated with severe anemia, hemoglobin levels decreased up to 4%.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Haemorrhoids
2.1.1 DEFINITION
Hemorrhoids is an abnormal widening of the veins (venous dilation in the plexus hemoroidalis). Bleeding from the rectal venous plexus / hemoroidalis this is one of the causes of anal bleeding area.
Generally considered a synonym of the term hemorrhoids piles, and the term can replace each other. But etymologically the two terms have very different sense of the term. The term hemorrhoids Haimorrhoides derived from the Greek word which means bleeding (haema = blood, rhoos = flow), according to the most prominent symptom in most cases. But this term can not properly be used for all cases, because there is also a never give hemorrhoidal bleeding symptoms. The term comes from the Latin word piles pile, which means the ball, in accordance with the fact that all cases of symptomatic hemorrhoids cause swelling or lump in the presence of various sizes, although sometimes the bumps are not visible from the outside.
2.1.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND ANOREKTUM
The anal canal is derived from an invagination proktoderm ectoderm, while the rectum comes from the entoderm. Because of differences in the anus and rectum is the bleeding, neurological, and drainage limfenya different too, as well as the epithelial covering. Rectum is lined by intestinal mucosa glanduler anoderm whereas the anal canal by a continuation of the outer squamous epithelium-lined. No one called the intestinal mucosa. Boundary regions of the rectum and anal canal is marked by changes in the epithelial type. Anal canal and the outer skin surrounding somatic sensory-rich persyarafan and sensitive to pain stimuli, while the rectal mucosa has persyarafan autonomic and insensitive to pain. Anorektum above the venous blood flow through the portal system, whereas that of the anus kesisitem kava flowed through a branch. iliac. This distribution is important in understanding how the spread of malignancy and infection as well as the formation of hemorrhoids. Lymphatic system drain its contents from the rectum through the vessels along the vascular hemoroidalis limf superior to the lymph nodes paraaorta through the internal iliac lymph nodes, whereas limf derived from the anal canal flowing towards the inguinal glands.
Hemorodalis superior artery is a direct continuation. inferior mesenteric. The artery divides into two main branches of the left and right. The right branch forked again. The location of the last three branches may be able to explain where the typical is hemorrhoids in two pieces in each quarter of the right and a left diseperenpat. Artery is a branch of the anterior medial hemoroidalis a. whereas the internal iliac artery is a branch of the inferior hemoroidalis a. The internal pudendal.
Superior vena hemoroidalis from hemoroidalis internus plexus and runs into the cranial direction v. and so on through the inferior mesenteric v. splenic to the portal vein. Venous pressure was not berkatup to determine the pressure inside the abdominal cavity. Venous blood draining into the inferior hemoroidalis v. and v into the internal pudendal. sisitem internal iliac artery and vena cava. V magnification. hemoroidalis hemorrhoids can lead to complaints.
The anus is the hole which is a hole out of the anal canal. Anus oval with antero posterior diameter of the lead length and is located on the midline of the perineum, at a place called the anal triangle, which lies between the perineal body in front and behind the os cocygeus.
Picture : Anatomy anorectum
