CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Hydrocephalus comes from hydro meaning water and chepalon which means head. Hydrocephalus is a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSS) is actively causing dilatation of the ventricular system of the brain where there is excessive accumulation of CSF in one or more of the ventricles or subarachnoid space. This situation is caused because there is imbalance between production and absorption of the CSS. If the excessive accumulation of CSF occurs on the cerebral hemispheres, a condition called subdural higroma or subdural fluid collection. In the case of excessive fluid accumulation occurs in the ventricular system, a situation known as hydrocephalus internal.Selain that some intracranial lesions causing elevation of ICT, but not until the cause of hydrocephalus. CSS is not equivalent to raising the volume with hydrocephalus; it also occurs in cerebral atrophy.
Hydrocephalus as a clinical entity distinguished by three factors: a). Intraventrikuler pressure elevation, b). Addition of CSS volume, c). Dilatation of the cavity CSS. Overall, the incidence of hydrocephalus is estimated close to 1: 1000. while the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus varies for each of the different populations. BL Hershey said most of hydrocephalus in children is congenital is usually seen in infancy. If hydrocephalus appears after age 6 months is usually not because of congenital. Mujahid Anwar et al get 40-50% of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and 4 had hydrocephalus. Pongsakdi Visudiphan et al in a study 36 of 49 children with TB meningitis had hydrocephalus, with a second note 8 children with obstructive hydrocephalus and 26 children with communicating hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus that occurs as a complication of bacterial meningitis can be found at any age, but more often in infants than children.
