STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE (SOP) TREATMENT OF HIV / AIDS, WHEN DO SURGERY
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
HIV infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys white blood cells and causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). (10) AIDS was first discovered in 1981. (1)
Transmission of HIV infection from mother to child is a major cause of HIV infection in children under 15 years of age. Since HIV became pandemic in the world, an estimated 5.1 million children in the world are infected with HIV. Most of the patients are infected through mother-to-child transmission. Each year, an estimated more than 800,000 infants become infected with HIV as a result of transmission from mother to child. And followed a child about 610,000 deaths from the virus. (10)
In Indonesia, according to PPM and PL DG Health Department recorded 3568 cases of HIV / AIDS at the end of December 2002. There were 20 children with HIV infection were infected mothers. Research conducted by Yayasan Pelita Science and obstetrics section Faculty of medicine / RSCM during the 1999-2001 examination on 558 pregnant women in poor areas in Jakarta, showed as many as 16 people (2.86%) suffering from HIV infection. (10)
Women often acquired HIV infection through heterosexual relations with an infected partner or through the use of drugs, increasing HIV infection in children is due to a result of transmission during perinatal (the period of pregnancy, during and after childbirth). Perinatal HIV transmission is a major cause of pediatric AIDS mother - mothers who transmitted HIV is usually good and have a number of CD 4 T lymphocytes are normal and do not know if they are infected with HIV. More than 90% of AIDS in children were reported in 1994 occurred due to transmission from mothers to children. (10)
Transmission to the baby can occur during pregnancy, labor or postnatally through breast milk. The incidence of mother-to-child transmission is estimated at 20% - 30%. Transmission of HIV to the fetus if no intervention is reported to range between 155-45%. (10)
The risk of transmission in developing countries about 21% - 43%, higher than the risk of transmission in developed countries about 14% -26%. Transmission can occurs during pregnancy, intrapartum, and postpartum. Highest risk of infection transmission occurs during labor by 18%, in the content of 6% and 4% postpartum.
